Business Knowledge: The Emergence And Development Of Enterprise Management

Enterprise management is the objective requirement and inevitable product of the development of socialized production. It is caused by the common labor in the process of exchange.

In a certain stage of social production development, all larger joint labor requires more or less command to coordinate personal activities. Through the supervision and regulation of the entire labor process, individual labor is subordinate to the overall requirements of production, so as to ensure that the whole labor process is carried out normally according to people's intended purpose.

Especially in the modern society with highly developed science and technology, fast changing products and fast changing markets, business management is becoming more and more important.

The development of enterprise management has gone through 3 stages: (1) the traditional management stage from the end of eighteenth Century to the end of nineteenth Century.

At this stage, the separation of management functions from manual labor occurs, and management is carried out by individual capitalists, which is characterized by personal experience.

Second, the scientific management stage of the 20~40's in the twentieth Century.

At this stage, the separation of capitalists and managers has occurred. Managers summed up management experience, made it systematized and developed, and gradually formed a set of scientific management theory.

3. The modern management stage after 1950s.

The characteristics of this stage are: from the qualitative concept of economy to quantitative analysis, the mathematical decision making method is adopted, and the electronic computers are widely used in various management.

Evolution of enterprise management

The evolution of enterprise management refers to the process of changing management methods and means in the course of development. It usually evolves from three stages: experience management stage, scientific management stage, and cultural management stage.

Experience management phase

The scale of the enterprise is relatively small, and employees are under the supervision of the vision of the business managers.

Therefore, in the experience management stage, the premise of the staff management is the assumption of the economic man, the evil nature of human nature, the innate laziness, the dislike of responsibility and the passivity. Therefore, managers with this view adopt the external incentive mode, the incentive way is carrot and stick, and the control of employees is also external control, mainly the behavior of controlling people.

The scale of enterprises is relatively large, and the rule of man is impossible. Therefore, the rule of man should be changed into a rule of law. However, the understanding of human nature is based on the assumption of economic man and the management of enterprises by rules and regulations.

The incentive and control of employees is external. Through punishment and reward, employees work. Employees work because they expect rewards or fear of punishment. Employees act according to the rules and regulations of enterprises, and act under the direction of managers. The content of management is to manage employees' behavior.

Cultural management stage

The boundary of the enterprise is fuzzy. The premise of management is the assumption of social man. It is believed that human nature is good. People are emotional. They like to accept challenges and are willing to give full play to their initiative.

At this time, enterprises should establish an effective people-oriented culture and achieve the goal of enterprises through humanistic management.

Cultural management stage is not without experience management and scientific management. Scientific management is the foundation of cultural management. Experience is still necessary. Culture is like software, system is like hardware, and the two are complementary.

Just because of the knowledge economy, people pay more attention to the realization of personal value. Therefore, respect for human nature is particularly important, so enterprise management should be people-oriented.

Contributors to the development of enterprise management: 1. Taylor, the father of scientific management, 2. fardo, the father of management 3. Weber, the father of organizational management 4. Mayo, the father of human relations theory.