Transfer Of Production Base, Verification Footwear Industry Retreat In The Era Of Cheap Foundry

On July 18th, with the development of China's economy and the rising cost of labor, more and more international shoes and garments were introduced. brand Manufacturers moved their factories to Southeast Asian countries with cheaper labor. Especially in recent years, Vietnam is attracting many international shoes and garments with favorable terms such as tax exemption, cheap land and cheaper labor. industry The entry. For example, the world-famous sports brand Nike is such a typical case.

According to the latest data of Nike annual report, in fiscal year 2010, every 100 pairs. Nike There are 37 pairs of shoes from Vietnamese factories, 23 from Indonesia workers, and two from Thailand and one from India, and only 34 of them are "made in China". Obviously, this means to some extent, Vietnam has finally replaced China as Nike's largest sports shoe production base in the world, and this position will continue to be maintained in 2011. Therefore, it is undeniable that at present, such as Nike sports shoes and other brand industries that are very sensitive to labor costs, it has become a new trend to move to Southeast Asia, such as Vietnam.

In this regard, experts pointed out that the relocation of Nike's production base also proved that China's labor costs have risen. China is no longer the pronoun of the cheap labor market, and the status of the world's factories is sinking. However, on the other hand, while some factory shoes and clothing enterprises are moving out of China, more and more foreign-funded enterprises have begun to increase their R & D investment in China, and some have even moved global R & D centers to China. Therefore, Nike's share of production in China is lower than that of Vietnam, but it is only the tip of the iceberg. It reflects from the side that after the rapid growth of China in the past 30 years, China's manufacturing industry is facing the spanformation from cost advantages to other advantages.

Admittedly, "pure cheap labor is not the only factor," the industry pointed out. "Precisely, it should be a factor of production, including labor prices, land rent, local policies, and so on. In addition, in recent years, the impact of RMB appreciation, such labor-intensive enterprises choose Vietnam is not an unexpected thing. But the speed of such spanfer is accelerating. For now, however, it is only to accelerate the spanformation and upgrading of China's shoes and garment manufacturing industry that we should pay more attention to the focus. And regardless of other factors, why "made in China" will be robbed by Vietnam, Indonesia and other "shoes and clothing manufacturing", obviously their advantage is that the labor force is cheaper, though not the most unique factor, but it is also the most direct factor. At the same time, China's supply chain advantages, such as industrial agglomeration, are being gradually weakened under the impact of labor costs. As a result, the "depression" of the global labor cost is showing an obvious competitive advantage. What is more worrying and watchful recently is that signs of re emergence of the footwear industry in developed countries, such as the United States and other developed countries, frequently appear, and their advantage is quality and efficiency. This further weakens the "world factory" status of China's footwear industry for more than 10 years.

The times magazine recently published an article about Vietnam's cheap goods flowing into China. The article says that the advantage of cheap labor in Vietnam has brought great pressure on China's footwear manufacturing industry, and more and more multinational companies are considering moving their shoes and garment manufacturing bases from China to Vietnam. A large number of cheap goods are flowing from Vietnam to ASEAN countries and neighboring countries, and even to China, which is famous for making cheap goods from shoes and clothing, because the price is cheaper. It is true that not only are multinational companies moving their shoes and garment manufacturing bases to Vietnam, but many Chinese shoe and clothing enterprises are also considering relocation of manufacturing bases to Southeast Asian countries such as lower wage levels, which undoubtedly coincides with the trend of Nike's brand production shifting to Vietnam.

Indeed, in the production system of international low-end labor intensive footwear and clothing enterprises, there is not much difference between "non Chinese manufacturing" and "made in China", and the industry's favorite is its low cost value. According to the International Labour Organization statistics, from the purchasing power parity, the wages of Vietnamese workers are 85 dollars per month, and Indonesia is 148 dollars / month. The Kampuchea Garment Manufacturers Association (GMAC) stipulates that the minimum monthly wage for footwear and clothing enterprises in Kampuchea from October 1, 2010 to 2014 is US $61. Thus, the labor force in Vietnam, Kampuchea, Indonesia and other countries is much cheaper than China. As far as the Yuyuan group is concerned, it is undisputable that it is the world's largest brand sport shoe manufacturer, and it is a foundry of many brands such as Nike and Adidas. At present, about 50% of its production scale is in China. At the moment, it is also planning to invest in Vietnam and Indonesia to reduce the proportion of its capacity in China. {page_break}

Although it is biased to enumerate manpower costs only, the impact of this group of figures is undoubtedly enormous for the shoe and clothing enterprises that need to pay wages. Because paying the minimum wage simply is not enough. What's more, the reality is that in the case of a substantial increase in wages, there are still many shoe and clothing enterprises that can not recruit enough manpower. Of course, the above mentioned challenges do not mean to crack down on "Chinese shoes and clothing manufacturing". Although the demographic dividend is gradually disappearing, the advantages of China's footwear manufacturing industry will remain in the next few years. After all, China has a huge population advantage and a very long industrial chain, which is unmatched by Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam. Instead of moving away from China to Vietnam and other countries, it is better for China to have more opportunities to practice its spanformation as a consumer market in Asia and even in the world. If China's shoes and clothing enterprises have the development channels to focus on the supply chain and the consumer market, then there will be new shoes and clothing brands moving to China if there are shoes and clothing brands moving out of China. It is a normal phenomenon for shoes and clothing enterprises to spanfer from the high industry gradient area to the low industry gradient area. The low-end labor-intensive industries are spanferred from China. This also clearly indicates that China's shoes and garment manufacturing can completely regard the "outward shift" as an opportunity for industrial spanformation. At the same time, we believe that "Vietnam shoes and garment manufacturing" will not replace the "Chinese shoes and clothing manufacturing", for the "Vietnamese shoes and clothing manufacturing", the best result is just as "China shoes and clothing manufacturing" supplement.