China's Cotton Planting Has Entered The Era Of High Cost And The Difference Between Domestic And Foreign Enterprises Has Increased Pressure On Textile Enterprises.

At the end of July, the last round of auction of national cotton reserves will be concluded, and will enter in August. cotton Harvest season. Cotton farmers are looking forward to a good price for cotton this year. Circulation companies hope to receive more cotton in competition. Cotton spinning enterprises are still struggling to balance the difference between domestic and foreign cotton.

China's cotton market is a community of interests composed of cotton farmers, purchasers, China cotton storage companies and textile enterprises. They all hope to occupy a favorable position in the competitive market.

　　 Cotton planting: entering the era of high cost

The total cultivated land area of the West Village of the dyke in Cheng 'an County, Hebei is 8500 mu, of which more than 4000 mu are all planted with cotton. After the wheat harvest in June, the young workers in the surrounding villages have gone out to work, and the cotton farmers in the West Village of the dyke are still in the field.

Zhang Yimin, a cotton farmer in the West Village of the big dike, pinched early Lei in the field. "These early buds don't make good quality flowers. Today they are two, and tomorrow they grow three flowers, so every day they have to pinch. Otherwise, one mu of land in the later period will be able to get 500 cotton bolls and 5 catties less.

The management of cotton fields such as pruning runs through the whole cotton growing season. From the end of April to November, cotton farmers worked almost every day. Cotton is also known as "medicine pot" and "worker's weight". There are many pests and diseases such as bug bug, Helicoverpa armigera, red spider and so on. In the next seven or eight days, they will have to fight the medicine once. Cotton harvest season is the busiest time for cotton growers. An acre of land needs 25 jobs, even if an elderly employee pays 80 yuan to 100 yuan a day, the labor cost almost accounts for 60% of the cost of seed cotton, which is 3 times to 4 times the cost of grain employment.

Labor and time, coupled with the rise in labor costs, many cotton farmers are gradually unwilling to grow cotton. Originally, Shangcheng Town, Chang Xiang Township and Xin Yi Township, which are similar to the big dike village, are basically not growing cotton, and have replanted crops such as grain. Zhang Yimin said, "the whole grain is mechanized, saving time and labor, and going out to work when farming is free. Moreover, in recent years, the state has increased grain subsidies, and more and more rural cotton has been converted to grain."

In recent years, China's cotton planting area has declined year by year. In 2007, its planting area was 88 million 890 thousand mu, and this year it slipped to 66 million 780 thousand mu. In addition to Xinjiang, the provinces with more than 10 million mu of cotton planting area had no more. Compared with 2008, the cotton planting area in the Yellow River basin decreased by 38%, the total production decreased by 36%, the cotton planting area in the Yangtze River Basin decreased by 24%, and the total output decreased by 19%.

Hunan Huarong Yinhua runnong cotton professional cooperatives rely on enterprises to invest a lot of money to improve the infrastructure of local cotton fields, and effectively stimulate the enthusiasm of farmers to grow cotton. But Zhang Yan, co-operative leader, is worried about the future cotton planting. Now more than 60 year old farmers are regarded as "young people" in the cotton planting team. Who will grow cotton after 10 years later? If they do not solve the problem of high cotton planting cost and do not solve the mechanization problem, the cotton planting area may also be reduced.

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　　 Temporary storage: stable market under policy

In 2011, the state formally implemented cotton temporary. Purchasing and storage policy China's reserve cotton management company is responsible for opening up and storing cotton. This policy is not only to stabilize the market expectations of domestic cotton producers, operators and cotton enterprises, but also to protect the interests of cotton farmers and ensure market supply.

In 2011, the Central Cotton store seized 40% of the cotton output at the price of 19800 yuan per ton. Last year, the storage price was 20400 yuan per ton, and almost 90% of the cotton was stored and stored by the central storage cotton.

This year, the purchase price of China cotton reserves remains at the price of 20400 yuan per ton, much higher than the price of cotton in the international market. "Cotton trade is hard to do and can only be bought into storage." Yinhua cotton and Hemp Industry Group Co., Ltd. mainly cotton trade, but now they have sold cotton to the country for several years. The policy of temporarily collecting and storing cotton for the purpose of fighting fires in the city has become "routine" because of the continuous downturn of the international market.

The temporary purchase and storage has given the cotton farmers a reassurance, but in fact, the cotton growers have not been able to sell cotton according to the reference price of the seed cotton provided by the collection and storage. "We can not directly transfer cotton to the central storage cotton, and there are links among cotton enterprises, cotton dealers and ginning plants. They can not buy according to the reference price. Generally, the reference price of 4.2 yuan per catty can only be sold to 3.8 yuan to 4 yuan. Sun Bo, Huang Hu Village, Anxiang County, Hunan Province, said.

According to the regulations, the cotton stored in the central store will only acquire cotton from the 400 type equipment enterprises, and the cotton that the small traders will receive will be handed over to these enterprises. "Therefore, the acquisition price of cotton by large enterprises is high, and our purchase price will be lower. The cotton buyer Xiong Shu An said.

Well, it is better to have 400 type equipment companies, and in fact not. "Our processing capacity is 5000 tons, because the amount of purchase is insufficient, only 2000 tons of lint were processed last year, with a loss of several hundred thousand." Pan Wenqing, general manager of Hunan Hengsheng cotton industry, said.

Compared with capacity, insufficient purchasing capacity is the main problem faced by the 400 type enterprises. The total output of seed cotton in Anxiang county is between 1 million 800 thousand and 2 million 200 thousand tons, and only 34000 tons to 40000 tons of cotton seed. Anxiang's own seed cotton is not enough to digest Anxiang's 9 400 type enterprises. Moreover, there are nearly 200 enterprises in Anxiang and nearly more than 60 leather roller cotton processing enterprises, with a total capacity of more than 150 thousand tons of lint cotton.

Under such circumstances, some cotton purchasing enterprises have been mixed with cotton. Cotton reserves are purchased over 4 or above, but in order to save as much as possible, enterprises will mix different grades of cotton, such as 3 grade cotton and 5 grade cotton, according to 4 grade cotton storage.

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　 Difference between inside and outside price: spinning enterprises are under pressure.

The temporary purchasing and storage policy directly affects the downstream textile enterprises. "Cotton in China basically buys only cotton in storage. Although the reserve price of the central reserve cotton is 19000 yuan per ton, it is cheaper than the storage price, but it is still about 5000 yuan higher than that of every ton abroad. The huge price difference makes enterprises unbearable. Gao Fang, Secretary General of China Cotton Association, said.

It is understood that imported cotton needs quotas, otherwise it will pay the sliding tax, and not all enterprises can get the quota.

"Most of the cotton textile enterprises in our country are abroad, and the high price difference between inside and outside cotton makes the enterprise bear such a large raw material cost. How can it compete with foreign enterprises? Textile enterprises are afraid of high price difference." Huang Weixin, chairman of Hunan Yintai Textile Group, said. Yintai Textile Group has its own spinning mill, but in recent years they have to buy cotton yarn in Pakistan and India. "People's cotton yarn is 12000 yuan a ton, our cotton is 19000 yuan a ton, imported cotton yarn is cheaper than our native cotton. The import of cotton yarn is not restricted, and the industrial chain is seriously upside down, which directly impacts cotton spinning enterprises. Huang Weixin said.

Some small textile factories in Hunan rely on the neighboring Guangdong market to "save themselves". They can only receive some cotton which can not be stored in inferior quality, but this kind of cotton can be spun into bamboo yarn to make jeans. Most small businesses first make some samples to the Guangdong market, sell well, and immediately increase production. They are often responsive and therefore able to survive.

Hunan Huachang Textile Group, which relies on cooperatives, has a relatively complete industrial chain, which helps to digest the cost of some links. In addition, enterprises rely on international trade and cotton hedging to overcome difficulties.

The funding problem is a headache for Zhang Yan and many cotton enterprises. "The more difficult the industry is, the more banks will not support it. Some small textile mills are hard to borrow money. They want to upgrade their equipment to eliminate backward production capacity, but they lack funds. Zhang Yan said.

Shandong Hengfeng group is a relatively good enterprise in the background of the depressed cotton market. They avoid pure cotton products and use high-tech to develop new fibers. "Now new fibers are very popular in the market, and some fibers show superior performance than cotton." Hengfeng enterprise official said, Hengfeng now only has 20% to 30% cotton consumption, and most of them are good varieties of Australian cotton, and cotton products are mainly oriented to high-end market with high added value.

About about 50000000 rural labor force directly participates in cotton production every year. China is the largest country in cotton production and consumption. Our country Cotton industry Both domestic and international industries are heavy industries. They need more support and more detailed measures to help them get out of difficulties as soon as possible.